Parental Influence on Sickle Cell Crisis among Patients Attending Secondary Facilities in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State.

Introduction: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), the most common genetic disorder amongst Black people and one of the major chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) affecting children, poses a significant psychosocial burden, not only on the sufferers but also on the parents. This study therefore sets out to assess the influence of these parents’ knowledge and practices towards reducing the frequency and seeking appropriate treatment of Sickle Cell Crisis in their children. Methodology: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Abeokuta South Local Government Area. A Total Sampling of all the sickle cell patients that attend the selected facilities were recruited into the study. Data were collected with the use of questionnaires which were interviewer administered. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows version 20.0. Results: A total of 415 patients were recruited into the study. Only 39.0% had adequate knowledge of SCD, 75.2% on prevention of crisis and 62.0% on predisposing factors to sickle cell crisis. About two-third [68.0%] of participants’ source of information is by hospital staffs. Majority 81.4% have only one child with SCD. The frequency of sickle cell crisis was statistically significantly associated with the Marital status of the parents [x2 = 24.029, p = 0.0001], Parents level of education x2 = 18.538, p = 0.0001, and the source of parents information about SCD x2 = 18.194 and P = 0.001. On logistic regression analysis, predictors of low frequency of crisis were individuals who had parents with tertiary education [OR=2.37, CI=1.45-3.87], information from health workers [OR=0.58, C.I=0.43-0.79], and family income above minimum wage [OR=0.147, C.I=0.06-0.34]. Conclusion: The study reveals that the level of care and support given to SCD children may reflect in their parent’s level of education, depth of knowledge about the disease and financial capability, therefore attention to the psychosocial problems of parents and/or caregivers of these children is of utmost importance.

Fatores parentais associados à atividade física em pré-escolares: a importância da participação dos pais em atividades físicas realizadas pelos filhos / Parental factors associated with physical activity among preschoolers: the importance of parents? participation in physical activities with their children

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os fatores parentais associados ao baixo nível de atividade física (AF) em crianças pré-escolares. Trata-se de um estudo transversal (base escolar), realizado com uma amostra de 1.042 crianças pré-escolares da cidade do Recife (PE). Um questionário administrado na forma de entrevista face a face com os pais foi utilizado para obtenção de dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, percepção dos pais quanto à importância da AF para a criança, participação em AF com o filho e nível de AF dos pais e das crianças. A análise dos dados foi realizada mediante regressão logística binária, considerando modelagem hierárquica na entrada das variáveis e o baixo nível de AF da criança como desfecho. Observou-se que 81,9% dos pais eram fisicamente ativos, enquanto 69,7% referiram participar de AF com os filhos e a quase totalidade (99,1%) dos pais consideraram importante que os filhos participem em AF. O baixo nível de AF foi verificado em 30,3% das crianças, identificando-se que a participação dos pais em AF com os filhos foi um fator inversamente associado a baixo nível de AF nos pré-escolares (OR=0,54; IC95%: 0,40-0,73). A prevalência de baixo nível de AF foi significativamente menor entre os filhos de pais que referiram participar de AF (26,1% versus 40,2%; p<0,01). Concluiu-se que a participação em AF com os filhos foi o único fator parental associado ao nível de AF das crianças. Estimular a adoção deste tipo de comportamento pode ser uma estratégia útil na promoção da atividade física infantil, hipótese que precisa ser confirmada em estudo de intervenção.

The aim of this study was to identify parental factors associated with low level of physical activity (PA) among preschoolers. It was a school-based cross-sectional study performed with a sample of 1,042 children from the city of Recife (PE), Brazil. A questionnaire administered by face-to-face interview was used to gather demographic and socioeconomic data, measures of the parental factors (considering important that their children take participation in PA; participating in PA with their children; and, being physically active) and children?s level of PA. Logistic regression was performed by considering a hierarchical approach for data entry and children?s low level of PA as the outcome. It was observed that 81.9% of the parents were physically actives, 69.7% reported to participate in PA with their children, and almost all of them referred to consider important that their children take participation in PA. The prevalence of low level of PA was 30.3%, lower among preschoolers whose parents reported to participate in PA with their children (26.1% versus 40.2%; p<0.01). Parents? participation in PA with their children was inversely associated with low level of PA among preschoolers (OR=0.54; 95%CI 0.40, 0.73). It was concluded that parents? participation in PA with their children was associated with preschoolers? level of PA. Stimulating parents to participate in PA with their children might be useful as a strategy to promote PA during childhood; however this hypothesis needs to be assessed in further studies.

Influência da condição de emprego/desemprego dos pais na exploração e indecisão vocacional dos adolescentes / Influence of parents' employment/unemployment condition in adolescents' career exploration and indecision

Este estudo centra-se no impacto da condição de emprego/desemprego dos pais nas crenças, comportamentos e reações de exploração vocacional e na indecisão de carreira dos adolescentes. Foram administradas o Career Exploration Survey e o Career Decision Scale a uma amostra de 321 adolescentes Portugueses, de ambos os sexos (190, 59,2% raparigas; 131, 40,8% rapazes), com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 17 anos. Os resultados indicam que os adolescentes filhos de pais desempregados manifestam, significativamente, crenças mais negativas acerca do mercado de trabalho, menos comportamentos exploratórios, e reações afetivas mais negativas do que os adolescentes filhos de pais empregados e, consequentemente, níveis mais elevados de indecisão vocacional. Os resultados são discutidos, retirando-se implicações para a intervenção psicológica e salientando-se direcções para futuras investigações...

This study focuses on the impact of parents' employment/unemployment condition on the beliefs, behaviors and reactions of career exploration and indecision of adolescents. Career Exploration Survey and Career Decision Scale were administered to a sample of 321 Portuguese adolescents of both sexes (190 women - 59.2% and 131 men - 40.8%) aged between 13 and 17 years. The results indicate that the adolescents whose parents are unemployed express significantly less positive beliefs about the labor market, less exploratory behaviors, and less positive emotional reactions than the adolescents whose parents are employed and, consequently, higher levels of career indecision. The results are discussed based on the implications of psychological intervention and point out directions for future research...

Carta aos pais: uma estratégia de comunicação dos filhos sobre a escolha da carreira / Letters to parents: a communication strategy on teenagers about career choice / Carta dirigida a los padres: una estratégia de comunicacion en la eleccion de la carrera de sus hijos

Este estudo descreve uma experiência de Orientação Profissional realizada em um serviço-escola. A intervenção foi realizada em grupo, com 22 adolescentes e dois coordenadores, tendo como objetivo facilitar as decisões de carreira e a discussão sobre a influência parental no processo de escolha profissional. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em realizar a análise de "cartas aos pais" redigidas pelos participantes e uma carta fictícia elaborada pelos coordenados de grupo a partir dos conteúdos explicitados nas narrativas dos jovens em suas cartas. Esta atividade objetivou aprofundar, na situação de grupo operativo, as questões pertinentes ao diálogo com os pais. A análise do conteúdo das cartas possibilitou observar que os jovens puderam identificar as influências familiares às quais estão sujeitos, facilitando a realização de uma escolha consciente e adaptada às próprias exigências e às exigências externas.

This study describes a Professional Orientation experience offered at a clinical school. An intervention was conducted in a group composed of 22 teenagers and two coordinators, with the purpose of facilitating their career decisions and discussing about parental influence over professional career decision process. The goal of this study was to perform an analysis of ''letters to parents'' written by the participants and a fiction letter developed by the group coordinators based on the explicit narrative contents of the participants in their letters. This activity aimed to explore, in the operative group situation, the issues concerning dialogue with parents. Through the analysis of letters content, participants could perceive family influences to which they are exposed, thus facilitating the accomplishment of a conscious and suitable decision, that is, adapted to their own demands and external ones.

Este estudio describe una experiencia de Orientación Vocacional realizada en una clínica escuela. Este estudio fue realizado en un grupo, compuesto por 22 adolecentes y 2 coordinadores, teniendo como objetivo ayudar a los jóvenes en su elección de la carrera profesional. El estudio consistió en realizar un análisis de las "cartas dirigidas a los padres", escritas por los participantes y de una carta ficticia elaborada por los coordinadores a partir del texto presentado por los adolescentes en sus cartas. Esta actividad permitió profundizar en aspectos del grupo en estudio, referidos al diálogo con los padres. El análisis del contenido de las cartas permitió observar que los jóvenes pudieron identificar las influencias familiares a las que están sujetos, facilitando una toma de decisión consiente y adaptada a las exigencias propias y externas.

Influência dos pais no processo de escolha profissional dos filhos: uma revisão da literatura / Parental influence on their children's career choice: a literature review

Considerando a reconhecida importância da família, sobretudo dos pais, no desenvolvimento vocacional do adolescente, como aponta a literatura, este estudo objetiva contribuir com uma sistematização da produção do conhecimento sobre a influência dos pais no processo de escolha da carreira de filhos adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo ilustrativo e não representativo. O corpus de análise foi constituído por artigos, livros, teses e dissertações, encontrados em bases eletrônicas de dados e em acervos de universidades. As publicações foram sistematizadas segundo os referenciais teóricos predominantes nos textos analisados. Os resultados mostraram que, independentemente dos referenciais, a influência dos pais ocorre continuamente nos processos de interação dentro dos grupos familiares. Apesar dessa constatação, identificou-se lacuna de estudos sobre intervenções realizadas diretamente com os pais de jovens em processo de escolha da carreira no contexto brasileiro.

Having in view the importance of family, chiefly parents, in adolescents' vocational development, as seen in the literature, this study aimed at contributing with a systematization of production of knowledge about the influence of parents on their adolescent children's career choice. This is an illustrative, not representative study. The corpus for analysis constituted of papers, books, theses and dissertations found in electronic data bases and university libraries. The publications were systematized according to the prevailing theoretical approaches in the analyzed texts. The results showed that, whatever the approaches are, parental influence occurs continuously in the interaction processes within family groups. Despite this observation, a lack of studies about interventions carried out directly with parents of adolescents in career-choice processes was verified to exist in the Brazilian context.

Parental influence on the development of obesity in 9-year-old Japanese children: the Toyama birth cohort study

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To examine parental influence on the development of obesity in 9-year-old Japanese children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 6-year follow-up study of obesity among 6,102 children born in Toyama prefecture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting for obesity at age 3, either paternal obesity or maternal obesity at the age 3 survey more than double the risk of obesity at age 9 in both genders. Increases in parental body mass indexes (BMIs) from the age 3 survey through the age 9 survey were significantly associated with obesity at age 9 in girls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Not only parental obesity but also increases in parental BMIs were likely to be associated with development of obesity in children.</p>

Parental Influence on the Development of Obesity in 9-year-old Japanese Children: the Toyama Birth Cohort Study

Objectives: To examine parental influence on the development of obesity in 9-year-old Japanese children. Methods: A 6-year follow-up study of obesity among 6,102 children born in Toyama prefecture. Results: After adjusting for obesity at age 3, either paternal obesity or maternal obesity at the age 3 survey more than doubled the risk of obesity at age 9 in both genders. Increases in parental body mass indexes (BMIs) from the age 3 survey through the age 9 survey were significantly associated with obesity at age 9 in girls. Conclusions: Not only parental obesity but also increases in parental BMIs were likely to be associated with development of obesity in children.